Stray magnetic fields provide crucial insights into the electronic and magnetic properties of 2D materials, enabling the reconstruction of current density and magnetization. However, conventional methods often introduce errors and noise due to data truncation and singularities.

This research explores how vector measurements can offer a significant improvement in the reconstructions. The findings show that measuring both in-plane field components (Bx and By) allows for near-perfect current density reconstruction, while a single out-of-plane measurement (Bz) remains the best choice for magnetization mapping. These insights, validated experimentally using nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry, establish a more reliable approach for studying 2D condensed-matter systems at the nanoscale.

Read the full article:Phys. Rev. Applied 14, 024076